Berikut ini kami kumpulkan beberapa perintah dasar atau umum pada SSH yang biasa digunakan dalam menjalankan shell linux. Kami ambil list perintah yang sudah ada dari salah satu website luar.<\/p>\n
ls : list files\/directories in a directory, comparable to dir in windows\/dos.<\/em> cd : change directory<\/em> cat : print file contents to the screen<\/em> tail : like cat, but only reads the end of the file<\/em> more : like cat, but opens the file one screen at a time rather than all at once<\/em> pico : friendly, easy to use file editor<\/em> vi : another editor, tons of features<\/em> grep : looks for patterns in files<\/em> touch : create an empty file<\/em> ln : create’s “links” between files and directories<\/em> rm : delete a file<\/em> last : shows who logged in and when<\/em> w : shows who is currently logged in and where they are logged in from.<\/em><\/p>\n netstat : shows all current network connections.<\/em> top : shows live system processes in a nice table, memory information, uptime and other useful info. <\/em> ps: ps is short for process status, which is similar to the top command. It’s used to show currently running processes and their PID.<\/em> file : attempts to guess what type of file a file is by looking at it’s content.<\/em> du : shows disk usage.<\/em> wc : word count<\/em> cp : copy a file<\/em> kill: terminate a system process<\/em> EG:<\/p>\n PID TTY TIME COMMAND Each line represents one process, with a process being loosely defined as a running instance of a program. The column headed PID (process ID) shows the assigned process numbers of the processes. The heading COMMAND shows the location of the executed process.<\/p>\n Putting commands together grep User \/usr\/local\/apache\/conf\/httpd.conf |more last -a > \/root\/lastlogins.tmp tail -10000 \/var\/log\/exim_mainlog |grep domain.com |more netstat -an |grep :80 |wc -l mysqladmin processlist |wc -l mysqldump -u username -p dbname > file.sql mysql -u username -p database_name <file.sql tar -zxvf file.tar.gz which [perl] Berikut ini kami kumpulkan beberapa perintah dasar atau umum pada SSH yang biasa digunakan dalam menjalankan shell linux. Kami ambil list perintah yang sudah ada dari salah satu website luar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2945,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[262],"tags":[154],"class_list":["post-510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ssh-commands","tag-ssh"],"yoast_head":"\n
\nls -al : shows all files (including ones that start with a period), directories, and details attributes for each file.<\/em><\/p>\n
\ncd \/usr\/local\/apache : go to \/usr\/local\/apache\/ directory<\/em>
\ncd ~ : go to your home directory<\/em>
\ncd – : go to the last directory you were in<\/em>
\ncd .. : go up a directory<\/em><\/p>\n
\ncat filename.txt : cat the contents of filename.txt to your screen<\/em><\/p>\n
\ntail \/var\/log\/messages : see the last 20 (by default) lines of \/var\/log\/messages<\/em>
\ntail -f \/var\/log\/messages : watch the file continuously, while it’s being updated<\/em>
\ntail -200 \/var\/log\/messages : print the last 200 lines of the file to the screen<\/em><\/p>\n
\nmore \/etc\/userdomains : browse through the userdomains file.
\nhit Space to go to the next page, q to quit<\/em><\/p>\n
\npico \/home\/burst\/public_html\/index.html : edit the index page for the user’s website.<\/em><\/p>\n
\nvi \/home\/burst\/public_html\/index.html : edit the index page for the user’s website.<\/em><\/p>\n
\ngrep root \/etc\/passwd : shows all matches of root in \/etc\/passwd<\/em>
\ngrep -v root \/etc\/passwd : shows all lines that do not match root<\/em><\/p>\n
\ntouch \/home\/burst\/public_html\/404.html : create an empty file called 404.html in the directory \/home\/burst\/public_html\/<\/em><\/p>\n
\nln -s \/home\/username\/tmp\/webalizer webstats: Now you can display http:\/\/www.yourdomain.com\/webstats to show your webalizer stats online. You can delete the symlink (webstats) and it will not delete the original stats on the server.<\/em><\/p>\n
\nrm filename.txt : deletes filename.txt, will more than likely ask if you really want to delete it<\/em>
\nrm -f filename.txt : deletes filename.txt, will not ask for confirmation before deleting.<\/em>
\nrm -rf tmp\/ : recursively deletes the directory tmp, and all files in it, including subdirectories. BE VERY CAREFULL WITH THIS COMMAND!!!<\/em><\/p>\n
\nlast -20 : shows only the last 20 logins<\/em>
\nlast -20 -a : shows last 20 logins, with the hostname in the last field<\/em><\/p>\n
\nnetstat -an : shows all connections to the server, the source and destination ips and ports.<\/em>
\nnetstat -rn : shows routing table for all ips bound to the server.<\/em><\/p>\n
\nThis is excellent for managing your system processes, resources and ensure everything is working fine and your server isn’t bogged down.
\ntop
\nShift + M to sort by memory usage
\nShift + P to sort by CPU usage<\/p>\n
\nA process ID is a unique number that identifies a process, with that you can kill or terminate a running program on your server (see kill command).
\nps U username : shows processes for a certain user<\/em>
\nps aux : shows all system processes<\/em>
\nps aux –forest : shows all system processes like the above but organizes in a hierarchy that’s very useful!<\/em><\/p>\n
\nfile * : prints out a list of all files\/directories in a directory<\/em><\/p>\n
\ndu -sh : shows a summary, in human-readble form, of total disk space used in the current directory, including subdirectories.<\/em>
\ndu -sh * : same thing, but for each file and directory. helpful when finding large files taking up space.<\/em><\/p>\n
\nwc -l filename.txt : tells how many lines are in filename.txt<\/em><\/p>\n
\ncp filename filename.backup : copies filename to filename.backup<\/em>
\ncp -a \/home\/burst\/new_design\/* \/home\/burst\/public_html\/ : copies all files, retaining permissions form one directory to another.<\/em>
\nfind * -type d|xargs -i cp –verbose php.ini {} : copies your php.ini file into all directories recursively.<\/em><\/p>\n
\nkill -9 PID EG: kill -9 431
\nkill PID EG: kill 10550
\nUse top or ps ux to get system PIDs (Process IDs)<\/em><\/p>\n
\n10550 pts\/3 0:01 \/bin\/csh
\n10574 pts\/4 0:02 \/bin\/csh
\n10590 pts\/4 0:09 APP<\/p>\n
\nOften you will find you need to use different commands on the same line. Here are some examples. Note that the | character is called a pipe, it takes date from one program and pipes it to another.
\n> means create a new file, overwriting any content already there.<\/em>
\n>> means tp append data to a file, creating a newone if it doesn not already exist.<\/em>
\n< send input from a file back into a command.<\/em><\/p>\n
\nThis will dump all lines that match User from the httpd.conf, then print the results to your screen one page at a time.<\/em><\/p>\n
\nThis will print all the current login history to a file called lastlogins.tmp in \/root\/<\/em><\/p>\n
\nThis will grab the last 10,000 lines from \/var\/log\/exim_mainlog, find all occurances of domain.com
\n(the period represents ‘anything’, comment it out with a so it will be interpretted literally), then send it to your screen page by page.<\/em><\/p>\n
\nShow how many active connections there are to apache (httpd runs on port 80)<\/em><\/p>\n
\nShow how many current open connections there are to mysql<\/em><\/p>\n
\nMySQL Dump<\/em><\/p>\n
\nImporting MySQL database<\/em><\/p>\n
\nUnTAR file<\/em><\/p>\n
\nFinding path to [perl]<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"